§ 8.01-226.12.Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold.

Chapter 3. Actions · Article 21. Miscellaneous Provisions · Last amended 2008 · Last verified July 16, 2026

In one sentenceSection 8.01-226.12 defines the duties a landlord or managing agent owes tenants regarding visible mold, shielding them from personal-injury and property-damage liability when mold results solely from the tenant’s own negligence, and requiring professional-standard remediation once visible mold is discovered.

Full Text of § 8.01-226.12

Text sizeJump to: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)

A. As used in this section, the following definitions apply:

"Authorized occupant" means a person entitled to occupy a dwelling unit with the consent of the landlord, but who has not signed the rental agreement and therefore does not have the rights and obligations as a tenant under the rental agreement.

"Dwelling unit" means a structure or part of a structure that is used as a home or residence by one or more persons who maintain a household, whether single family or multifamily, including, but not limited to, a manufactured home.

"Guest or invitee" means a person, other than the tenant or person authorized by the landlord to occupy the dwelling unit, who has the permission of the tenant to visit but not to occupy the premises.

"Interior of the dwelling unit" means the inside of the dwelling unit, consisting of interior walls, floor, and ceiling that enclose the dwelling unit as conditioned space from the outside air.

"Landlord" means the owner or lessor of the dwelling unit or the building of which such residential dwelling unit is a part. "Landlord" also includes a managing agent of the premises who fails to disclose the name of such owner, lessor, or sublessor. Such managing agent shall be subject to the provisions of § 16.1-88.03.

"Managing agent" means a person authorized by the landlord to act on behalf of the landlord under an agreement.

"Mold remediation in accordance with professional standards" means mold remediation of that portion of the dwelling unit or premises affected by mold, or any personal property of the tenant affected by mold, performed consistent with guidance documents published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (the Bioaerosols Manual), Standard Reference Guides of the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration for Water Damage Restoration and Professional Mold Remediation, or any protocol for mold remediation prepared by an industrial hygienist consistent with said guidance documents.

"Notice" means notice given in writing by either regular mail or hand delivery, with sender retaining sufficient proof of having given such notice, which may be either a United States postal certificate of mailing or a certificate of service confirming such mailing prepared by the sender. However, a person shall be deemed to have notice of a fact if he has actual knowledge of it, or he received a verbal notice of it. A person "notifies" or "gives" a notice or notification to another by taking steps reasonably calculated to inform another person whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it. If a notice given is not in writing, the person giving the notice has the burden of proof to show that the notice was given to the recipient of the notice.

"Readily accessible" means areas within the interior of the dwelling unit available for observation at the time of the move-in inspection that do not require removal of materials, personal property, equipment, or similar items.

"Tenant" means a person entitled under a rental agreement to occupy a dwelling unit to the exclusion of others. Tenant shall not include (i) an authorized occupant, (ii) a guest or invitee, or (iii) any person who guarantees or cosigns the payment of the financial obligations of a rental agreement but has no right to occupy a dwelling unit.

"Visible evidence of mold" means the existence of mold in the residential dwelling unit that is visible to the naked eye of the landlord or tenant at the time of the move-in inspection.

Any term not expressly defined herein shall have the same meaning as those defined in § 55.1-1200.

B. Neither the landlord nor the managing agent shall be liable for civil damages in any personal injury or wrongful death action brought by a tenant, authorized occupant, or guest or invitee for exposure to mold arising from the condition within the interior of a dwelling unit, or for any property damage claims arising out of the landlord-tenant relationship, if the mold condition is caused solely by the negligence of the tenant.

C. A managing agent with no maintenance responsibilities shall not be liable for civil damages in any personal injury or wrongful death action brought by the tenant, authorized occupant, or guest or invitee for exposure to mold, or for any property damage claims arising out of the residential landlord-tenant relationship, unless the managing agent fails to disclose the existence of a mold condition of which the managing agent has actual knowledge to the landlord and any prospective or actual tenants.

D. If the written move-in inspection report authorized under Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) of Title 55.1 reflects that there is no visible evidence of mold in areas readily accessible within the interior of the dwelling unit, and the tenant does not object thereto in writing within five days after receiving the report, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that no mold existed at the time of the move-in inspection.

E. If visible evidence of mold occurs within the dwelling unit, the landlord or managing agent with the maintenance responsibilities shall, exercising ordinary care, perform mold remediation in accordance with professional standards.

F. The landlord or managing agent with maintenance responsibilities shall comply with any other applicable provisions of law.

End

Plain-English Summary

Subsection A works through a long list of definitions specific to residential mold disputes — authorized occupant, dwelling unit, guest or invitee, interior of the dwelling unit, landlord, managing agent, “mold remediation in accordance with professional standards” (tied to recognized federal and industry guidance documents), notice, readily accessible, tenant, and visible evidence of mold — with any undefined term borrowed from Virginia’s landlord-tenant definitions in § 55.1-1200.

Subsection B gives landlords and managing agents a liability shield in one specific circumstance: neither is liable in a personal-injury or wrongful-death action, or for property damage, brought by a tenant, authorized occupant, or guest for mold exposure, if the mold condition is caused solely by the tenant’s own negligence. Subsection C gives a managing agent with no maintenance responsibilities an even broader shield, unless that agent knew about a mold condition and failed to disclose it to the landlord and prospective or actual tenants.

Subsections D through F set the operational framework. A move-in inspection report showing no visible mold in readily accessible areas creates a rebuttable presumption that no mold existed at move-in, if the tenant does not object in writing within five days of receiving the report. Once visible evidence of mold does appear, the landlord or the managing agent with maintenance responsibility has to exercise ordinary care and perform remediation consistent with professional standards, and must otherwise comply with any other applicable law governing the property.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a landlord automatically liable if a tenant develops health problems from mold in a rental unit?

No. Section 8.01-226.12 shields a landlord, and a managing agent, from personal-injury, wrongful-death, and property-damage liability for mold exposure when the mold condition is caused solely by the tenant’s own negligence; the landlord retains obligations once visible mold appears through some other cause.

What has to happen once visible mold shows up in a rental unit?

The landlord, or the managing agent with maintenance responsibility, has to exercise ordinary care and perform mold remediation consistent with professional standards drawn from recognized federal and industry guidance.

Does a move-in inspection report protect a landlord from a later mold claim?

It can create a rebuttable presumption that no mold existed at move-in, but only if the report shows no visible mold in readily accessible areas and the tenant does not object in writing within five days of receiving it.

Is a managing agent with no maintenance duties liable for mold in a rental unit?

Generally not, unless that agent knew about a mold condition and failed to disclose it to the landlord and to prospective or actual tenants.

Where do undefined terms in this section come from?

Subsection A borrows the meaning of any term it does not itself define from Virginia’s landlord-tenant definitions in § 55.1-1200.

Amendment History

2008, cc. 162, 341.

Source & verification. Section text and amendment history are reproduced verbatim from the Code of Virginia, published by the Code of Virginia, Virginia Division of Legislative Automated Systems. Last verified July 16, 2026. · Official source

Also known as: landlord mold liability virginiavisible mold lease inspection virginia lawtenant mold lawsuit virginiamanaging agent mold disclosure virginia